Nattokinase 20,000 Fu/ g Powder

Synonym(s):
  • 4-(Carboxymethyl)-2-((R)-1-(2-(2,5-dichlorobenzamido)acetamido)-3-methylbutyl)-6-oxo-1,3,2-dioxaborinane-4-carboxylic acid
  • CAS Number: 133876-92-3
  • Chemical Formula: C20H23BCl2N2O9
  • Molecular Weight: 517.1 g/ mol
Nattokinase 20,000 Fu/ g Powder
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Nattokinase Key Facts

  • Nattokinase, a potent fibrinolytic enzyme, has been approved as a novel food ingredient (NFI) (EFSA NDA Panel, 2016)
  • Pure & unadulterated product produced during the fermentation process of non-GMO soybeans
  • 100% natural product with numerous health benefits and fully compliant to EU regulations
  • Pure & unadulterated synergistic blend, fully compliant to EU regulations

  • Background

    Nattokinase is a bioactive compound extracted from natto, a traditional Japanese food, during Bacillus subtilis fermentation of soybean. It is a protease with a high affinity for fibrin (Fujita et al., 1993) that aids in the breakdown of blood clots. Sawamura discovered protease activity in natto in 1906, Oshima discovered fibrinolytic activity in 1925, and Sumi 1987 coined the term "Nattokinase" (Sumi et al., 1987). Nattokinase is regarded as a valuable nutraceutical due to its strong fibrinolytic and thrombolytic activity. Its fibrinolytic activity is directly proportional to the rate of hydrolysis of fibrin peptide linkages. One fibrinolytic unit (FU) is defined as an amount of the enzyme which increases the absorbance at 275 nm by 0.01 per minute (Lampe & English, 2016).


    Safety & Purity

    Nattokinase, a potent fibrinolytic enzyme, has been shown in clinical studies to have numerous cardiovascular health benefits (Weng et al., 2017). It is considered a safe, powerful, low-cost, all-natural product with a high safety profile. The oral consumption of Nattokinase has not been associated with any adverse side effects (Lampe & English, 2016) and there is no toxicologic concern for human consumption (Chen et al., 2018).


    Chemistry

    Nattokinase is a protease composed of 275 amino acids, which belongs to the subtilisin family.

    Nattokinase

    CAS – 133876-92-3
    Molecular Formula – C20H23BCl2N2O9
    Molecular Weight – 517.1 g/mol
    IUPAC - 4-(carboxymethyl)-2-[(1R)-1-[[2-[(2,5-dichlorobenzoyl)amino]acetyl]amino]-3-methylbutyl]-6-oxo-1,3,2-dioxaborinane-4-carboxylic acid


    Health Benefits

    Nattokinase has numerous beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system due to its potent thrombolytic and anticoagulant properties (Wu et al., 2020). Several animal and human trials have shown that Nattokinase improves blood circulation and lowers the risk of a variety of cardiovascular diseases without causing any negative side effects (Hsia et al., 2009).

    Fibrinolytic and antithrombotic

    Nattokinase causes fibrinolysis by directly converting endogenous prourokinase to urokinase (uPA) (Fujita et al., 1995), degrading PAI-1 (plasminogen activator inhibitor-1) (Urano et al., 2001), and increasing the release of tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA), which promotes fibrinolysis. It works as an antithrombotic agent by dissolving the fibrin that binds platelets and red blood cells together, resulting in smoother blood flow. It is also well absorbed, has a long half-life, and is resistant to pancreatic enzymes (Weng et al., 2017).

    Anti- atherosclerosis

    Atherosclerosis, also known as artery hardening, is caused by the accumulation of fatty plaques on the arterial walls. The Nattokinase enzyme effectively inhibits the progression of atherosclerosis due to its antithrombotic effect, which reduces thrombus formation and slows plaque formation (Suzuki et al., 2003). Many studies have shown that Nattokinase can prevent arteriosclerosis through its direct antioxidant effect, which reduces lipid peroxidation and improves lipid metabolism (Iwai et al., 2002).

    Antihypertensive

    High blood pressure is recognized as one of the leading risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), and Nattokinase plays an important role in both preventing and treating hypertension. Nattokinase consumption has been linked to lower systolic and diastolic blood pressure by lowering blood viscosity levels in randomized trials (Kim et al., 2008). It lowers blood pressure by cleaving fibrinogen in the plasma, whereas Nattokinase fragments may prevent the elevation of plasma angiotensin II levels, thereby suppressing hypertension (Fujita et al., 2011).

    Neuroprotective

    Cardiovascular health is closely linked to brain health, and Nattokinase has neuroprotective properties due to its ability to reduce platelet clumping, resulting in healthy circulation and improved blood flow to the brain. Nattokinase's neuroprotective effect is linked to its antiplatelet activity, antiapoptotic effect, ability to relax vascular smooth muscle, and protection of endothelial cells via increased fibrinolytic activity and facilitation of spontaneous thrombolysis (Ji et al., 2014). Nattokinase plays an important role in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease because of its ability to dissolve amyloid fibrils at a neutral pH and normal body temperature (Hsu et al., 2009).


    References

    1. Chen, H., McGowan, E. M., Ren, N., Lal, S., Nassif, N., Shad-Kaneez, F., ... & Lin, Y. (2018). Nattokinase: a promising alternative in prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Biomarker Insights, 13, 1177271918785130
    2. EFSA Panel on Dietetic Products, Nutrition and Allergies (NDA). (2016). Safety of fermented soybean extract NSK‐SD® as a novel food pursuant to Regulation (EC) No 258/97. EFSA Journal, 14(7), e04541.
    3. Fujita, M., Hong, K., Ito, Y., Fujii, R., Kariya, K., & Nishimuro, S. (1995). Thrombolytic effect of Nattokinase on a chemically induced thrombosis model in rat. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 18(10), 1387-1391.
    4. Fujita, M., Ohnishi, K., Takaoka, S., Ogasawara, K., Fukuyama, R., & Nakamuta, H. (2011). Antihypertensive effects of continuous oral administration of Nattokinase and its fragments in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Biological and Pharmaceutical Bulletin, 34(11), 1696-1701.
    5. Fujita, M., Nomura, K., Hong, K., Ito, Y., Asada, A., & Nishimuro, S. (1993). Purification and characterization of a strong fibrinolytic enzyme (Nattokinase) in the vegetable cheese natto, a popular soybean fermented food in Japan. Biochemical and biophysical research communications, 197(3), 1340-1347.
    6. Hsia, C. H., Shen, M. C., Lin, J. S., Wen, Y. K., Hwang, K. L., Cham, T. M., & Yang, N. C. (2009). Nattokinase decreases plasma levels of fibrinogen, factor VII, and factor VIII in human subjects. Nutrition Research, 29(3), 190-196.
    7. Hsu, R. L., Lee, K. T., Wang, J. H., Lee, L. Y. L., & Chen, R. P. Y. (2009). The amyloid-degrading ability of Nattokinase from Bacillus subtilis natto. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry, 57(2), 503-508.
    8. Iwai, K., Nakaya, N., Kawasaki, Y., & Matsue, H. (2002). Antioxidative functions of natto, a kind of fermented soybeans: effect on LDL oxidation and lipid metabolism in cholesterol-fed rats. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 50(12), 3597-3601.
    9. Ji, H., Yu, L., Liu, K., Yu, Z., Zhang, Q., Zou, F., & Liu, B. (2014). Mechanisms of Nattokinase in the protection of cerebral ischemia. European Journal of Pharmacology, 745, 144-151. .
    10. Kim, J. Y., Gum, S. N., Paik, J. K., Lim, H. H., Kim, K. C., Ogasawara, K., ... & Lee, J. H. (2008). Effects of Nattokinase on blood pressure: a randomized, controlled trial. Hypertension Research, 31(8), 1583-1588.
    11. Lampe, B. J., & English, J. C. (2016). Toxicological assessment of Nattokinase derived from Bacillus subtilis var. natto. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 88, 87-99
    12. Sumi, H., Hamada, H., Tsushima, H., Mihara, H., & Muraki, H. (1987). A novel fibrinolytic enzyme (Nattokinase) in the vegetable cheese Natto; a typical and popular soybean food in the Japanese diet. Experientia, 43(10), 1110-1111..
    13. Suzuki, Y., Kondo, K., Matsumoto, Y., Zhao, B. Q., Otsuguro, K., Maeda, T., ... & Umemura, K. (2003). Dietary supplementation of fermented soybean, natto, suppresses intimal thickening and modulates the lysis of mural thrombi after endothelial injury in the rat femoral artery. Life sciences, 73(10), 1289-1298.
    14. Urano, T., Ihara, H., Umemura, K., Suzuki, Y., Oike, M., Akita, S., ... & Takada, A. (2001). The Profibrinolytic Enzyme Subtilisin NAT Purified fromBacillus subtilis Cleaves and Inactivates Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor Type 1. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 276(27), 24690-24696.
    15. Weng, Y., Yao, J., Sparks, S., & Wang, K. Y. (2017). Nattokinase: an oral antithrombotic agent for the prevention of cardiovascular disease. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 18(3), 523.
    16. Wu, H., Wang, Y., Zhang, Y., Xu, F., Chen, J., Duan, L., ... & Zhang, F. (2020). Breaking the vicious loop between inflammation, oxidative stress and coagulation, a novel anti-thrombus insight of Nattokinase by inhibiting LPS-induced inflammation and oxidative stress. Redox biology, 32, 101500.
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