D-Chiro Inositol Powder

D-Chiro Key Facts

D-Chiro Inositol is a natural compound extracted from carob syrup (Ceratonia siliqua) with an eco-friendly approach

It is safe and healthy human metabolite clinically proven as an effective treatment of ovarian cyst and PCOS associated metabolic disorders

One of the most important inositol molecules with great stability

It is non GMO product fully compliant to EU Regulations

Background

Carob is used to make D-Chiro-Inositol (Ceratonia siliqua). Inositol’s are a group of nine different stereoisomers that differ based on the orientation of the six hydroxyl groups. Myo-inositol and D-Chiro-inositol are two of the most important inositol’s, with the same chemical structure but different biological functions. The history of inositol’s can be traced back to the search for a treatment for PCOS and the use of type 2 diabetes. D-Chiro-Inositol is a secondary messenger in the insulin signalling process that is involved in glycogen synthesis and storage. It functions similarly to insulin mediators (Larner, 2002), increasing insulin sensitivity in various tissues to improve metabolic and ovulatory functions (Bizzarri & Carlomagno, 2014).

Safety & Purity

Clinical trials have shown that D-Chiro-Inositol use is not associated with any adverse side effects or toxicological concerns. When used as a nutrient supplement, inositol is affirmed as Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) by the U.S. 109 Food and Drug Administration (FDA) under 21 CFR 184.1370.

Chemistry

D-Chiro-Inositol is an epimer of myo-inositol possessing insulin-like bioactivity (Richard et al., 1996). Inositol is a 6-carbon, cyclic sugar alcohol that is present in all living cells (Clements and Darnell, 1980). It is Stable at high temperature & has a broad pH range of tolerance

D-Chiro Inositol

CAS – 643-12-9
Molecular Formula – C6H12O6
Molecular Weight – 180.156 g/mol
IUPAC - cyclohexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol

Health Benefits

D-Chiro-Inositol improves ovulatory function and several metabolic abnormalities related to insulin resistance (Nestler et al.,1999)

PCOS Treatment

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterized by hormonal abnormalities associated to insulin resistance and enhanced ovarian androgen production. (McCartney & Marshall, 2016). Myo- and D-Chiro-Inositol represent promising treatments for PCOS and have shown some therapeutic benefits without substantial side effects (Sortino et al., 2017). PCOS is associated with a myo – inositol deficiency at ovarian level. A small amount of myo-inositol is converted into D-Chiro-Inositol by an enzyme called epimerase, which is activated by insulin. Clinical studies show that D-Chiro-Inositol reduces insulin resistance and hyperandrogenism in women with PCOS (Sortino et al., 2017; Formuso et al., 2015; Iuorno et al., 2002).

Improve insulin sensitivity

Inositol plays a role in insulin signalling and may help improve the body’s sensitivity to insulin which is essential for controlling blood sugar levels in the body. D-Chiro-Inositol (DCI) acts as a secondary messenger in the insulin signalling pathway Montt-Guevara et al., 2021). The increase in the release of D-Chiro-Inositol that contains inositolphosphoglycan (DCI-IPG) is significantly and positively correlated with an improvement in insulin sensitivity in women who struggle with PCOS. (Cheang et al, 2008)

Prevent diabetes in pregnancy

Pregnancy is characterized by a physiological increase in insulin resistance because of the release of placental hormones which result in alterations of glucose metabolism and diabetes. (Formoso et al., 2019). DCI supplement plays a role in the regulation of glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity and it is also able to act on the metabolism of pregnant women who are at risk of developing gestational diabetes (Costantino & Guaraldi, 2014)

References

1. Bizzarri, M., & Carlomagno, G. (2014). Inositol: history of an effective therapy for polycystic ovary syndrome. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci, 18(13), 1896-1903.
2. Cheang, K. I., Baillargeon, J. P., Essah, P. A., Ostlund Jr, R. E., Apridonize, T., Islam, L., & Nestler, J. E. (2008). Insulin-stimulated release of d-chiro-inositol–containing inositolphosphoglycan mediator correlates with insulin sensitivity in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Metabolism, 57(10), 1390-1397.
3. Clements Jr, R. S., & Darnell, B. (1980). Myo-inositol content of common foods: development of a high-myo-inositol diet. The American journal of clinical nutrition, 33(9), 1954-1967. Costantino, D., & Guaraldi, C. (2014). Role of D-chiro-inositol in glucidic metabolism alterations during pregnancy. Minerva Ginecologica, 66(3), 281-291.
4. Formoso, G., Baldassarre, M. P., Ginestra, F., Carlucci, M. A., Bucci, I., & Consoli, A. (2019). Inositol and antioxidant supplementation: Safety and efficacy in pregnancy. Diabetes/metabolism research and reviews, 35(5), e3154.
5. Formuso, C., Stracquadanio, M., & Ciotta, L. (2015). Myo-inositol vs. D-chiro inositol in PCOS treatment. Minerva ginecologica, 67(4), 321-325.
6. Iuorno, M. J., Jakubowicz, D. J., Baillargeon, J. P., Dillon, P., Gunn, R. D., Allan, G., & Nestler, J. E. (2002). Effects of d-chiro-inositol in lean women with the polycystic ovary syndrome. Endocrine Practice, 8(6), 417-423.
7. Larner, J. (2002). D-chiro-inositol–its functional role in insulin action and its deficit in insulin resistance. International journal of experimental diabetes research, 3(1), 47-60.
8. McCartney, C. R., & Marshall, J. C. (2016). Polycystic ovary syndrome. New England Journal of Medicine, 375(1), 54-64.
9. Montt-Guevara, M. M., Finiguerra, M., Marzi, I., Fidecicchi, T., Ferrari, A., Genazzani, A. D., & Simoncini, T. (2021). D-Chiro-Inositol Regulates Insulin Signaling in Human Adipocytes. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 12, 660815
10. Nestler, J. E., Jakubowicz, D. J., Reamer, P., Gunn, R. D., & Allan, G. (1999). Ovulatory and metabolic effects of D-chiro-inositol in the polycystic ovary syndrome. New England Journal of Medicine, 340(17), 1314-1320.
11. Richard Jr, E., Seemayer, R., Gupta, S., Kimmel, R., Ostlund, E. L., & Sherman, W. R. (1996). A Stereospecific myo-Inositol/D-chiro-Inositol Transporter in HepG2 Liver Cells: IDENTIFICATION WITH D-CHIRO-[3-3H] INOSITOL (∗). Journal of Biological Chemistry, 271(17), 10073-10078.
12. Sortino, M. A., Salomone, S., Carruba, M. O., & Drago, F. (2017). Polycystic ovary syndrome: insights into the therapeutic approach with inositols. Frontiers in pharmacology, 8, 341.